A Brief History of Yorkshire, England
Prehistoric Yorkshire
In 7,000 BC Yorkshire could look quite unique from what it does today. In those days it became
blanketed in thick forest. At that time the first human beings arrived. They had been stone age
hunters and gatherers. They hunted the abundant wildlife in Yorkshire including deer and boar.
Then in 3,000 BC, Stone Age farmers arrived. They commenced the long process of reducing down
the forests to make a manner for farming. In approximately 1,800 BC they were accompanied through
farmers who made bronze gear and weapons.
The Bronze Age farmers had been in turn replaced through the Celts. The Celts arrived in Yorkshire
after 500 BC. They added iron tools and weapons. Most of Yorkshire became occupied by using a
tribe referred to as the Brigantes, who had their capital at Aldborough however elements of Eastern
Yorkshire have been occupied by a tribe called the Parisii.
Roman Yorkshire
However, the written records of Yorkshire begins approximately 71 AD while the Romans arrived.
The Romans invaded Southeast England in forty-three AD and they conquered England in stages.
In seventy-one AD they invaded Eastern Yorkshire and constructed forts, which includes ones at
Doncaster and York. At first, the Romans built forts in Yorkshire but via the second century, three
cities were created. One grew up at York with the aid of the web site of a 1st-century castle. There
became also an essential Roman city at Aldborough (on the site of the vintage Brigantine capital)
and any other at Brough on Humber. The Romans mined lead in Yorkshire (The Romans used to
lead an outstanding deal).
Nevertheless, Roman civilization changed into, skin deep. The most 'Romanized' location became
the East Riding. However, for maximum normal human beings in Yorkshire Roman rule in all likelihood
made little difference. At any rate, by means of the 4th century AD, Roman civilization becomes in
decline. The closing Roman soldiers left Britain in 407 AD. Afterward, the Roman towns were
deserted and the Roman way of lifestyles disappeared from Yorkshire.
Viking Yorkshire
In time trade and commerce commenced to revive and those got here to live at the site of the vintage
Roman town of York. In the mid 8th century York sprang to existence again. Craftsmen went to live
there and weekly markets started out. Also, ships started to sail along the River Ouse to and from the
Humber and the sea. They brought goods to and from the metropolis. However, Yorkshire remained
overwhelmingly agricultural. Most human beings lived in tiny villages and tilled the soil.
Unfortunately, life in Yorkshire turned into disrupted via the Vikings. They started to raid England at
the top of the 8th century. In the mid 9th century they turned to conquest. The Vikings captured York
in 866 and shortly later on a separate kingdom of Yorkshire was founded. The Danish nation of
Yorkshire lasted till 954 when it changed into recaptured via the English.
Yorkshire inside the Middle Ages
In 1066 Harald Hardrada, the king of Norway invaded England. His military sailed alongside the
Humber and the Ouse. However, after they landed they have been wholly defeated by using the
English on the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Shortly afterward William Duke of Normandy gained the
struggle of Hastings and became topped king of England. In 1086 the people of Yorkshire rose in
rebellion. William marched to York and constructed a fortress there. However, whilst he left the
location in 1069 the North rose in rebellion once more. This time William took drastic action.
His men burned all the stores of meals and the crops inside the fields. They also slaughtered home
animals and destroyed farm gear. This 'scorched earth' policy was known as the Harrying of the North.
As a result of it many people in Yorkshire starved to death.
Yet Yorkshire eventually recovered. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Yorkshire prospered and
plenty of new cities had been founded. These protected Barnsley, Doncaster, Hull, Leeds, Northallerton,
Pontefract, (its name comes from the Latin words Pontus fractus, meaning broken bridge), Richmond,
Scarborough, and Sheffield. Meanwhile, many monasteries had been based in Yorkshire. These
protected Bolton Priory (a priory became a small abbey), Bridlington Priory and Pontefract Priory.
By the 12 months, 1300 Yorkshire was booming. The populace of Yorkshire was booming. The
the population of Yorkshire had risen dramatically since 1066 (notwithstanding the harrying of the North).
Much woodland was cleared for farming. However, inside the early 14th century, the climate worsened
and within the years 1315-1322 famine struck. In the early 14th century Yorkshire also suffered in a long
war with the Scots. In 1318 Robert the Bruce burned Northallerton. Then in 1349 Yorkshire turned into
devastated by way of the Black Death, which killed about a 3rd of the population.
A history of the plague
In the 15th century Yorkshire, like the relaxation of England, turned into laid low with the Wars of the
Roses. During the one’s civil wars, battles had been fought at Wakefield in 1460 and at Towton in 1461.
Meanwhile, some Yorkshire towns declined in prosperity and importance. The populace of York itself
declined significantly.
Life in the Middle Ages - Yorkshire 1500-1800
In the sixteenth century, Yorkshire towns recovered. The wool industry has become concentrated in
Western Yorkshire. The metropolis of Leeds flourished and its populace grew rapidly. Wakefield and
Halifax additionally prospered because of the cloth change. Meanwhile, Sheffield boomed and changed
into already famous for its cutlery. Agriculture flourished once more and the populace of Yorkshire grew.
Meanwhile, other modifications took area. In 1536 Henry VIII closed the smaller monasteries. This
provoked a growing that commenced in Lincolnshire and spread to Yorkshire. It was called the
Pilgrimage of Grace. Henry controlled to disperse the rebels by making various promises (none of
which he kept). Afterward, England has become a Protestant country. However, a few people in
Yorkshire remained Catholics.
Then in 1642 came civil war between king and parliament. Yorkshire was divided through the civil
conflict. In April 1642 the king tried to enter Hull but the gates of the city had been shut in opposition
to him. Actual fighting began in August 1642. The royalists used York as their base. At the give up of
1642, they captured Leeds and Wakefield. They besieged Bradford and Halifax but failed to capture
them.
In the past due January 1643, the parliamentarians counterattacked. They recaptured Leeds and
Wakefield. However, in June 1643 the Royalists won the battle of Adwalton. As a result, they captured
all of Yorkshire besides Hull. The pendulum then swung the alternative manner In October 1643 the
parliamentarians in Hull drove back the royalists and lifted the siege. In March 1644 the parliamentarians
took Bradford and in April 1644 they took Leeds. In July 1644 the royalists had been routed at the conflict
of Marston Moor. As a result, the royalists misplaced all of northern England.
In the 18th century, the wool industry in Yorkshire flourished. Leeds and the alternative wool towns
persisted to develop rapidly. So did Sheffield. Meanwhile from the center of the 18th century the
metropolis of Huddersfield, which until then had been a small region mushroomed. The metropolis of
Hull also grew rapidly. The coal mining enterprise inside the West Riding also prospered.
Industry in Yorkshire became helped through upgrades in transport. A number of turnpike roads were
built (they have been privately owned and maintained roads and you needed to pay to apply them).
In the late 18th century canals were dug. As properly as this the overdue seventeenth and 18th
centuries was also the age of spa cities. People believed that consuming mineral water or bathing
could treatment illness. Both Harrogate and Scarborough flourished as spa towns.
Modern Yorkshire
The population of Yorkshire rose rapidly within the 19th century. The textile, metallic and coal industries
boomed. Towns like Leeds, Bradford, Keighley, Sheffield, and Hull mushroomed. In the mid 19th century
York became the center of the railway enterprise. Conditions within the new industrial towns had been
regularly appalling. They were dirty, unsanitary and overcrowded. In 1832 and 1848 there have been
outbreaks of cholera in the towns. However, things stepped forward inside the past due 19th century.
Sewers had been dug and piped water supplies were created. Public parks and public libraries opened.
The standards of housing also stepped forward considerably.
However many elements of Yorkshire remained rural. Even so, they have been changed by using the
coming of the railways. A network of them changed into built within the 1840s and they helped to
interrupt down the isolation of the greater far off areas. Furthermore, the primary seaside towns arose
within the nineteenth century. Scarborough became one such resort.
The early 20th century changed into a tough one for Yorkshire. The Nineteen Twenties and 1930s were
a time of mass unemployment. The old staple industries which include coal and textiles declined and
that they shed workers. On the opposite hand, neighborhood authorities commenced demolishing the
worst slums and the first council homes had been built. Many extra council homes were constructed in
Yorkshire after 1945. For folks that had jobs, living standards rose significantly in the Twenties and
The 1930s. One signal of this turned into the construction of many cinemas.
Full employment returned throughout the Second World War however Yorkshire became a goal for
German bombing. Hull changed into the maximum significantly bombed city. After the Second World War,
the conventional industries endured their relentless decline. Coal, metallic, and textiles all shrank.
The fishing industry in Hull went right into a nosedive. However carrier industries along with education,
retail and tourism grew. At the cease of the twentieth century, many Yorkshire cities reinvented
themselves and refurbished their centers. Many new museums were opened.
There become another trade in Yorkshire in the late twentieth century. From the 1950s huge numbers of
West Indian and Asian immigrants got here to Yorkshire. Today many towns and towns in Yorkshire are
multicultural.
In 1974 the political map of Yorkshire changed. It turned into divided into four nearby authorities areas,
North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, and Humberside. Today Yorkshire is a colorful county
with a rich future.
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