A short records of Netherlands
A short records of Netherlands
Ancient times
Geographically a difficult place to live, the ancient Netherlands had for its population Celtic and
German tribes, one very critical feature - safety. Its rivers, lakes, wetlands, and woods were not
possible to go for the invaders.
It is simplest within the 1st century BC, that the historic Roman Empire conquered the southern part
of these lands establishing a critical army post in Nijmegen. North of today’s Netherlands remained
now not conquered nor even invaded.
Under the Roman administration, prosperity grew for nearly 3 hundred years.
Early Middle Ages
As the Roman state was given weaker, barbaric Germanic tribes started out to invade the land.
Most effective of them, the Franks invaded the territory inside the fifth century and brought Christianity
with them. By 800 nowadays’s the Netherlands turned into a part of the effective Franks Empire of
Charlemagne.
It is in Nijmegen that Charlemagne built one in each of his palaces. Tradition says that Nijmegen was
his favorite residence, while Aachen (nowadays in Germany) changed into the empire’s capital.
Economical growth in the Middle Ages
After the fall of the Charlemagne Empire (he died in 814) the Low Countries territory has been divided
into numerous smaller states – ruled with the aid of dukes and counts.
At the equal time, already within the Middle Ages, a strong economic improvement made the
Netherlands one of the richest areas in Europe.
Agriculture at the side of crafts and commerce, rich cities and vital trading links attaining as far as Asia
and North Africa converted the Netherlands into the location in which the feudal energy has been
limited, the safety of motion and economical hobby established, sustained growth possible.
Renaissance and combat for independence
The community powers – first Dukes of Burgundy and later the Habsburgs (after 1477, the wedding of
Mary of Burgundy to Archduke Maximilian Habsburg) attempted to dominate the Netherlands and
introduce its taxation there.
In 1555, Charles of the Habsburg dynasty granted the Netherlands to his son, Philip II, king of Spain.
As Philip II became, a Catholic and part of the Netherlands protestant the Dutch resisted not handiest
the brand new taxation, however also the intolerance and oppressive strategies of management of the
Spanish king and his governor Prince Alba. A long eighty years lasting warfare began. The feeling of
the national identity evolved in the Netherlands during this warfare.
In 1581, the Union of Utrecht proclaimed independence from Spain. The new state suffered a series
of reverses within the war, but subsequently, in 1648 the Spanish recognized the sovereignty of the
Republic. The Dutch Republic remained till 1794 as a minimum nominally, below the electricity of the
Austrian throne of Habsburg.
The discoveries era
Despite all the conflict destructions and hardship, the Dutch continued expansion at the seas and
discoveries of the brand new routes and lands. By the mid-seventeenth century, the Republic become
the most important maritime electricity of Europe, and Amsterdam becomes the most essential
financial center of the continent.
Naturally, wars approximately the domination at the seas with England and wars to resist the growing
strength of France on the mainland followed.
18th and 19th Century
Beginning of the 18th century, with the domination of the large absolutist empires of France, Austria,
Russia, and Prussia at the continent, and United Kingdom on the sea, the dying of the tiny Dutch
Republic begins. A crucial economic issue has additionally been the autumn of Poland, which
misplaced Ukraine to Russia and become no longer capable anymore to deliver grain to the
The Netherlands.
Growth of the liberal and republican ideas all around the globe and resistance to those thoughts with
the aid of the folks who ruled the Dutch Republic, lead at the end of the 18th century to the creation of
The Kingdom of the Netherlands, which after the fall of Napoleon covered additionally the territories of
these days' Belgium and Luxemburg.
Belgium provinces revolted in 1830 and separated into the Kingdom of Belgium. Luxemburg even
though independent has been united with the Netherlands by means of someone of a monarch.
Luxemburg eventually separated from The Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1890, whilst Dutch King
William III died no longer leaving a male heir, which become a condition to rule the Duchy of
Luxemburg.
Time of peace and prosperity
In the second one half of the 19 century, through the slow but consistent economic increase and
critical constitutional reforms, the Netherlands became a liberal and modern state.
During WWI, the Netherlands remained neutral.
World War II
During World War II (1939-1945), the Netherlands changed into invaded and occupied with the aid
of the Germans (1940). After years of relative prosperity, whilst handiest the Jewish population has
been prosecuted, the whole country started to go through the weight of struggle and growing German
terror.
The Dutch resisted in opposition to attempts of Nazi Germany to contain the Netherlands into the
Third Reich all through the WWII, and the leadership of the Royal Family within the struggle with the
occupants are still alive within the Dutch people's memory.
Last decades
After the tough years of reconstruction without delay after WWII, the Netherlands sustained within the
second 1/2 of the 20th century a continuous and rapid economic increase.
Today the Netherlands is one of the most evolved and wealthiest countries inside the international.
Curiosity
New Amsterdam as New York: An interesting episode of the Dutch and American history is an
establishment in 1609 of an urban settlement referred to as New Amsterdam at the island referred
to like these days Manhattan, through an English explorer Henry Hudson, then within the carrier of
the Dutch Far East Company.
This first urban development has been later taken by way of the English and became New York.
And despite the fact that the Dutch took again the island and the city in 1673, they misplaced it again
next yr and New Amsterdam remained called New York.
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